A step-by-step guide to help you navigate the college application process from freshman year through senior year, ensuring you are organized and prepared.
High school is a time to develop both academically and personally. Focus on achieving a balance between your coursework and extracurricular activities. While grades matter, colleges also value students who are well-rounded and actively engage in clubs, sports, arts, part-time jobs, or community service.
Take time to read extensively outside of your coursework. Dive into topics that interest you, whether through books, online courses, TED Talks, or YouTube videos. Start building relationships with teachers, counselors, and mentors who can provide guidance and potentially write letters of recommendation in the future. Manage your stress and prioritize sleep—healthy habits will set you up for success throughout high school and beyond.
Use sophomore year to explore subjects that interest you and start considering potential career paths. Meet with professionals in fields you're interested in and seek internships, summer programs, or other opportunities to explore these interests. Create an activities list to track your extracurricular activities, achievements, and jobs. This will serve as the basis for your future college applications and resumes.
Use your PSAT scores as a guide to determine whether you'll take the SAT or ACT. Research testing requirements for colleges you're interested in, and develop a test preparation plan accordingly. Talk to your parents about college costs, and have early discussions about what your family can afford.
Junior year is crucial, as your grades, test scores, and activities during this year will form a large part of what colleges review for admission. Focus on excelling in your coursework, but also immerse yourself in extracurricular activities. This is the time to take on leadership roles and further engage in the activities you enjoy.
During the spring of your junior year, start researching colleges and begin building a list of schools to apply to. Create a balanced list that includes:
Plan out your standardized testing schedule, whether you're taking the SAT or ACT. Consider whether AP or IB exams are also required or beneficial for your intended major. Aim to complete testing by the end of junior year or early fall of senior year.
If possible, visit college campuses to get a feel for the environment. Attend virtual events and webinars offered by colleges, and engage with admissions representatives at college fairs. Follow up with personalized emails to build a connection with the college.
In the spring of your junior year, identify two teachers (from different subjects) to ask for letters of recommendation. Choose teachers who know you well academically and personally, and give them plenty of time to write a strong letter.
Begin reflecting on your experiences and brainstorming ideas for your personal essay. Over the summer, draft and revise your essay. Aim to have a polished version ready by the beginning of your senior year.
By the start of your senior year, you should have a solid plan for your college applications. Keep track of:
Colleges offer different types of admission options, each with varying deadlines:
For a list of college application deadlines, check out our 2024 college application deadlines page.
Complete and submit your applications through the required platform. Most colleges use one of the following:
Pay close attention to each college’s specific requirements for essays, recommendation letters, transcripts, and supplemental materials. Submit your application fee or apply for a fee waiver if eligible.
Submit the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) as soon as it opens on October 1. This is essential for determining your eligibility for federal grants, loans, and work-study programs. Some schools may also require the CSS Profile, which helps determine eligibility for institutional financial aid. Research and apply for scholarships and grants. These may come from the college itself, community organizations, or national programs.
After submitting your applications, check with each school to ensure they’ve received all necessary materials, including recommendation letters, test scores, and transcripts. Some colleges provide online portals where you can monitor the status of your application.
By March or April, you should start receiving admissions decisions. Review your options, including financial aid offers, and compare the costs and benefits of each school. Visit or revisit campuses if possible. Attend admitted student events to get a feel for each college before making your final decision. Make your decision by May 1, which is the National College Decision Day. Submit your deposit to secure your spot at the college of your choice.
Once you receive your financial aid package, carefully review the terms of any scholarships, grants, and loans offered. Accept the financial aid that best suits your needs and budget.
If applicable, submit your housing and meal plan applications by the required deadlines. Some colleges allocate housing on a first-come, first-served basis.
Start planning for the logistical aspects of starting college, such as registering for orientation, selecting classes, and preparing for the move to campus.
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