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Purpose and audience in everyday texts

Lesson 6 of 41 in the Test Ninjas TOEFL course: Read in Daily Life, Reading. In Read in Daily Life, you read a short everyday text, such as a notice, email or social media post, and answer two or three questions about it.

Test Ninjas Research · Updated October 1, 2026
Lesson at a glance
DetailThis lesson
ModuleRead in Daily Life (Reading)
English focusRegister and purpose verbs in notices, emails and posts (announce, remind, warn, request, confirm, recommend)
Task skillMain purpose: naming what the whole text does and rejecting options with the wrong function
TimeAbout 50 minutes
AccessFree to take now, no account needed
This lesson is free. Take the whole lesson now, with every teaching page, drill and the walk-through: start Purpose and audience in everyday texts.

What this lesson teaches

In Read in Daily Life, you read a short everyday text, such as a notice, email or social media post, and answer two or three questions about it. One question often asks what the whole text is for.

This lesson teaches the English that answers it: purpose verbs such as announce, remind, warn and confirm, the patterns you use to report them, and the register that shows who is writing to whom.

Then you’ll name a text’s job in one verb before you read the options, and reject options that keep the right topic but use the wrong verb.

By the end of the lesson, you can

  1. Choose the purpose verb that matches what a message does (announce, remind, warn, request, confirm, recommend, complain, apologize), and report it with the verb’s own pattern: remind someone of, warn someone not to, ask someone to, apologize for + noun or ‑ing.
  2. Recognize the register of an official notice, a service email and a personal post, find the audience line, and read an informal line (a question the writer answers, an idiom) for what it means.
  3. Answer main-purpose questions by naming the whole text’s job in one verb before you read the options, then reject options with the wrong verb, one detail promoted to the purpose, or a claim the text never makes.

What’s inside

Around the 3 teaching cycles below, the lesson opens with a quick check and closes with applied practice, a Check and a debrief. How every course lesson is built.

Teaching cycles in lesson 6
CycleFocusWhat it teachesDrills
Cycle 1EnglishPurpose verbs: what a text does7
Cycle 2EnglishRegister: who is writing to whom7
Cycle 3Task skillMain purpose: the whole text and the right verb8

Word bank

The 10 words and phrases this lesson teaches. They come from the real course questions you practice on in the Apply step, so you meet each one again in context.

reservation noun

an arrangement to keep a table, seat or room for you

We made a reservation for six at the noodle bar near campus.

Goes with:
make a reservation; a seat reservation
Word family:
reserve (verb); reserved (adjective): a reserved seat

sell out phrasal verb

to sell all the tickets or items available

The spring concert sold out in under an hour.

Goes with:
tickets sell out; a sold-out show
Word family:
sold out (adjective): no tickets left; a sellout (noun): an event with every ticket sold

cover verb

to pay for or include something

The student fee covers entry to the gallery but not the special exhibitions.

Goes with:
cover the cost; cover the entry fee
Word family:
coverage (noun): what a plan or policy includes; cover (noun): protection

in advance adverb phrase

before something happens

The pottery studio asks you to book a wheel two days in advance.

Goes with:
book in advance; two weeks in advance
Word family:
advance (adjective): advance booking, advance notice; advance (verb): move forward

drop-in adjective

open to anyone without an appointment

The career office holds drop-in sessions every Wednesday, so you don’t need an appointment.

Goes with:
drop-in hours; a drop-in session
Word family:
drop in (phrasal verb): visit without planning; drop-in (noun): an informal visit or session

one-to-one adjective

between one teacher or helper and one learner

The language center offers one-to-one conversation practice with a trained volunteer.

Goes with:
one-to-one help / tutoring / meetings
Word family:
one-on-one (adjective): the same meaning, more common in US English; one to one (adverb): meet one to one

walk someone through phrasal verb

to explain something step by step as someone does it

The lab assistant walked us through the safety checklist before we started.

Goes with:
walk someone through a process / the steps / a form
Word family:
a walk-through (noun): a step-by-step explanation or demonstration

remain available collocation

to still be possible to use

During the kitchen repairs, the microwaves in the lounge remain available.

Goes with:
remain available / open / closed / the same
Word family:
remain (verb): stay; availability (noun); unavailable (adjective)

self-service adjective

where customers serve themselves

The campus café has two self-service coffee machines, so you don’t have to wait at the counter.

Goes with:
a self-service checkout / kiosk / laundry
Word family:
serve (verb); service (noun); self- words: self-check-in, self-study

end up phrasal verb

to finally be in a situation you did not plan

We missed the last bus and ended up walking home.

Goes with:
end up walking; end up in; end up with
Word family:
end (noun, verb); end up + ‑ing / + a place / + with
The takeaway: Before reading the options, name what the whole text does in one verb: something new is announced, something known is a reminder, a risk is a warning.

More in Read in Daily Life

  1. Purpose and audience in everyday texts (this lesson)
  2. Conditions, exceptions and dates
  3. What the writer means but doesn't say

For how this task works on test day, see the Read in Daily Life guide.

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