PSAT 8/9 vocabulary: speech and expression.

a report or description of events; a financial record

He gave a detailed account of what happened during the meeting, making the speaker's central point easier for listeners to identify and evaluate.

Memory cueAn accountant records both stories and sums; an account is a report or financial record.

the activity of producing promotions for commercial products or services

The company spent millions on advertising for the new product launch, showing how the choice of language shaped the response of the intended audience.

Memory cueAn AD announces "buy this"; advertising is the work of creating those promotions.

made a public or formal declaration

The company announced plans to expand into international markets, showing how the choice of language shaped the response of the intended audience.

Memory cueAn announcer uses a public microphone; announced means formally declared for others to hear.

to express regret for a mistake or wrongdoing

He called to apologize for missing the important meeting, influencing how the audience interpreted the wording and intent of the message.

Memory cueAn apology puts regret into words; to apologize is to express that regret.

quoted or referenced as evidence or authority

The researcher cited several studies to support her conclusions, making the speaker's central point easier for listeners to identify and evaluate.

Memory cueA citation tag ties a claim back to the source cited as evidence or authority.

to communicate or express an idea or feeling

The painting manages to convey a sense of deep melancholy, showing how the choice of language shaped the response of the intended audience.

Memory cueA conveyor belt carries a message forward; to convey is to communicate or express it.

to give an account of something by stating its characteristics

Can you describe what the suspect looked like to the police officer, showing how the choice of language shaped the response of the intended audience.

Memory cueDescribe an object by painting its portrait with words about its characteristics.

gave an account of something by stating its characteristics

The witness described the accident in great detail to the investigators, making the speaker's central point easier for listeners to identify and evaluate.

Memory cueThe witness described the object by giving a word-picture of its features.

talked about something with others; considered by talking

The board discussed several options before making their final decision, making the speaker's central point easier for listeners to identify and evaluate.

Memory cueAn idea placed at the center of a round table has been discussed by the group.

showed or exhibited something for others to see

The museum displayed rare paintings from the Renaissance period, showing how the choice of language shaped the response of the intended audience.

Memory cueAn object displayed in a lit glass case is deliberately shown for others to see.

makes something clear by describing it in detail

The manual explains how to assemble the furniture step by step, showing how the choice of language shaped the response of the intended audience.

Memory cueAn explanation turns a foggy mechanism into a clear, labeled diagram.

explained or made clear with examples or pictures

The book illustrated the history of art through beautiful reproductions, influencing how the audience interpreted the wording and intent of the message.

Memory cueThe explanation became illustrated when pictures and examples made it clear.

pointed out or showed; suggested as appropriate

The survey results indicated strong support for the new policy, influencing how the audience interpreted the wording and intent of the message.

Memory cueA pointing arrow indicated the item by showing exactly where to look.

to suggest that someone or something would be good or suitable for a particular purpose

I highly recommend this restaurant for its authentic cuisine, making the speaker's central point easier for listeners to identify and evaluate.

Memory cueA recommendation points toward an option judged good and suitable for the purpose.

suggested as being good or suitable; advised

The doctor recommended plenty of rest and fluids, showing how the choice of language shaped the response of the intended audience.

Memory cueA green arrow marked GOOD CHOICE shows the option was recommended.

to mention or allude to; to direct someone to a source of information

Please refer to the manual for detailed instructions, making the speaker's central point easier for listeners to identify and evaluate.

Memory cueA reference arrow mentions the source and directs the reader toward it.

gives a spoken or written account of something; formal accounts or statements

The journalist reports on international affairs, showing how the choice of language shaped the response of the intended audience.

Memory cueReports place observed facts into a formal spoken or written account.

acted or spoke on behalf of; symbolized or stood for

The lawyer represented her client in court, making the speaker's central point easier for listeners to identify and evaluate.

Memory cueOne symbol stood for the idea while one delegate spoke for the group; both represented them.

a rough or unfinished drawing; to make a rough drawing of

The artist made a quick sketch of the landscape, making the speaker's central point easier for listeners to identify and evaluate.

Memory cueA sketch uses quick, unfinished lines to capture a rough version.

to put forward for consideration; to cause one to think of something

I suggest we take a different approach to the problem, influencing how the audience interpreted the wording and intent of the message.

Memory cueSuggest an idea by placing it gently on the consideration table rather than commanding it.

informed someone in advance of a possible danger or problem

The meteorologist warned residents to prepare for the approaching hurricane, showing how the choice of language shaped the response of the intended audience.

Memory cueA warning sign shown in advance means someone was warned of possible danger.