80 words the Digital SAT draws on when a passage turns to certainty and doubt — each with its part of speech, a plain-English definition, and an example sentence showing how it behaves in context.
Vocabulary on the Digital SAT is tested in context, not in isolation: a Words in Context question hands you a sentence with a blank and four plausible-looking candidates, and the winner is the one whose shade of meaning fits. Studying words in a meaning-group like this one is the fastest way to build that discrimination — you learn certainty and doubt as a spectrum rather than as 80 unrelated definitions.
Read the definition, then the example sentence. Say the word aloud. Come back to this theme a few days later and cover the definitions — recalling a word cold is what fixes it, and rereading it is not.
Alphabetical. Everything in the Certainty & Doubt guide.
refusing to be persuaded
He was adamant that he was right.
the state of having mixed or contradictory feelings
She felt ambivalence about moving to a new city for the job.
having mixed feelings about something
She felt ambivalent about accepting the job.
to expect or predict something will happen
We anticipate a large turnout for the annual festival.
expecting or looking forward to something
She was anticipating the arrival of her guests with excitement.
close to an exact amount but not precise
The approximate cost of the project is two million dollars.
unqualified; absolute
He issued a categorical denial.
known for sure; established beyond doubt
It is certain that changes will occur.
to select from available options
You may choose any dessert from the menu.
to bring to an end; to reach a decision through reasoning
Based on the data, we can conclude that the treatment is effective.
having strong belief in oneself or something
She felt confident about her chances of winning the competition.
feeling certain about something
She was confident of success.
to establish the truth or correctness of something
Please confirm your attendance by Friday.
completely certain about something
She was convinced of his innocence.
making a choice or reaching a conclusion about something
After much deliberation, she was finally deciding which university to attend.
a conclusion or resolution reached after consideration
The committee announced their decision to approve the new policy.
settling an issue or producing a definite result; having the ability to make decisions quickly
Her decisive leadership helped the team navigate through the crisis.
settling an issue; producing a definite result
The decisive victory ended the debate.
clearly stated or decided; not vague or doubtful
We need a definite answer by Friday to proceed with the project.
clearly stated or decided
We need a definite answer by tomorrow.
long and careful consideration or discussion
After hours of deliberation, the jury reached a unanimous verdict.
having made a firm decision; resolved; having discovered through investigation
The determined athlete trained for months to compete in the marathon.
felt uncertain about; questioned the truth of
Many people doubted his ability to complete such a challenging task.
feeling uncertain about something
The outcome remained doubtful.
feelings of uncertainty; questions or reservations
She had serious doubts about the accuracy of the financial report.
hesitating or doubting; questionable
The dubious claim required verification.
made certain that something would happen or be the case
The safety measures ensured that no accidents occurred during construction.
making certain that something happens or is the case
Quality control is essential for ensuring customer satisfaction.
open to more than one interpretation
His equivocal response raised suspicions.
to estimate or suppose something without sufficient information to be certain
I can only guess what he meant by that cryptic message.
tentative, unsure, or slow in acting
She was hesitant to speak up in meetings.
a proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for investigation
The researcher developed a hypothesis to explain the unusual phenomenon.
put forward as a hypothesis; proposed as an explanation
Darwin hypothesized that species evolve through natural selection.
a conclusion that can be drawn from something not explicitly stated; a likely consequence
The implication of his words was that he planned to resign.
implied though not directly expressed; absolute and unquestioning
There was an implicit understanding between them that needed no words.
not leading to a definite conclusion or result
The test results were inconclusive, requiring further investigation.
unable to make decisions quickly
His indecisive nature frustrated colleagues.
signs or pieces of evidence that suggest something
There were clear indications that the economy was recovering.
a thing that indicates the state or level of something
Rising unemployment is often an indicator of economic trouble.
unable to be challenged or denied; unquestionable
The evidence against the defendant was indisputable.
certain to happen; unavoidable
Change is inevitable in a rapidly evolving industry.
existing only in theory or as an idea; not based on reality
The budget figures are notional and may change significantly.
a personal view or judgment not necessarily based on fact
In my opinion, the book was better than the movie adaptation.
with no possibility of doubt; certain
She was positive she had seen him before.
the state of being uncertain, unstable, or insecure
The precariousness of her financial situation caused great stress.
established or decided in advance
The outcome seemed predetermined before the trial even began.
able to be expected or foreseen; behaving as expected
The movie's ending was predictable from the very first scene.
stated that something would happen in the future
Scientists predicted the storm would make landfall by evening.
stating what will happen in the future based on evidence
Economists are predicting a recession within the next year.
a statement about what will happen in the future
Her prediction about the election results proved to be accurate.
relating to or capable of predicting future events
The software uses predictive analytics to forecast sales trends.
planned or thought out beforehand
The jury found that the crime was premeditated murder.
the likelihood that something will happen
There is a high probability of rain tomorrow according to forecasts.
a sentence or phrase used to find out information; to ask or express doubt about something
She raised an important question during the meeting.
doubtful or uncertain; open to question or dispute
His questionable business practices raised concerns among investors.
asked questions of someone; expressed doubt about something
The detective questioned the witness for several hours.
having a sensible and practical idea of what can be achieved; representing things as they actually are
We need to set realistic goals for the project.
admirably purposeful and determined
She remained resolute in her decision.
to carefully choose as being the best or most suitable
Please select the items you wish to purchase.
carefully choosing from a number of alternatives
The committee is selecting candidates for the scholarship.
carefully chooses as being the best or most suitable
The chef selects only the freshest ingredients for the dish.
not easily convinced; having doubts or reservations
Scientists remain skeptical of the unproven treatment.
not easily convinced; having doubts
Scientists remained skeptical of the claims.
to form a theory without firm evidence; to invest in risky ventures
It would be unwise to speculate about the outcome of the election.
formed a theory without firm evidence; engaged in risky financial transactions
Analysts speculated that the company would merge with its competitor.
forms theories without firm evidence; engages in risky financial transactions
The article speculates about future technological developments.
an uncertain belief; an assumption or hypothesis
His theory is based on supposition rather than evidence.
supposed that something is true without having evidence to confirm it
She surmised from his expression that the news was bad.
to believe something is likely or true without proof; a person thought to be guilty
Police suspect the fire was started deliberately.
not certain or fixed; provisional
They made tentative plans for the weekend.
very weak, slight, or insubstantial; lacking a sound basis
The connection between the two events was tenuous at best.
not able to be relied on; not known or definite
The outcome of the election remained uncertain until the final votes were counted.
the state of being unsure or doubtful; something that is not known
There was great uncertainty about what the future would bring.
unable to be denied or disputed; unquestionable
Her talent as a pianist was undeniable from a very young age.
leaving no doubt; unambiguous
The evidence was unequivocal.
not able to be predicted; changeable or erratic
The weather in the mountains can be quite unpredictable during spring.
steady or resolute; not wavering
Her unwavering support sustained him.
to waver between different opinions or actions
She vacillated between accepting and rejecting the offer.
wavering between different opinions
His vacillating stance confused supporters.
becoming unsteady or uncertain
His wavering commitment concerned the team.
Prefer paper? The printable Certainty & Doubt guide adds a memory cue to every entry, ready to print — 76 of the 80 words on this page. For the alphabetical master list, see the SAT vocabulary list; to be quizzed on these words instead of reading them, use the vocabulary trainer or try some Words in Context practice.
Test Ninjas puts these words back where you will meet them — full-length adaptive practice tests, a complete Reading & Writing course, and an explanation on every question. Free account, no card.
